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The invention of electronics made it possible to separate the dimmers and handles, and move those big, hot dimmers into far-off, unused spaces. Then there were dimmers just off stage and stagehands could work them to change the intensity. The first controllers were the stagehands working the candles and the gas jets.The fixtures have either a moving mirror or a mechanical yoke that is controlled with DMX signals and moves the focus of the light beam. Intelligent fixtures are hung manually, but the beams are focused by remote control. They have shutter mechanisms to control the dimming of the light and color wheels to control the color. Intelligent fixtures use non-dimmable lamps, usually HMIs. Intelligent Fixtures are any fixture that can be changed remotely in a way other than it’s intensity.and when they say cool they mean blues, greens, and purples. Warm and cool are subjective, but typically when someone says warm they mean ambers, reds, etc.Dance and installation lighting often uses extreme directions. Side light accents the movement of the dancer across the stage. Light from behind only tends to push the person or thing forward at the audience. Light from below tends to look scary and make the viewer feel small and vulnerable.McCandless set the basics, for a nice clear three-dimensional illumination, but many designers tweak this in order to illicit certain moods from or give certain images to the viewer. The direction of the light is controlled by where the designer places the light in relationship to the person of thing being lit.Each fixture uses a combination of lenses and reflectors to create various distributions or qualities of light. The distribution is the quality of the light, how the light rays are distributed by the fixture.These 5 qualities of light are what you can effect to make a lighting design. The stage can be an elaborate set, a drum kit and guitars, or one draped platform.If your lighting design is good no one will notice it. The people can be actors, musicians, award ceremony speakers, or auctioneers. A good lighting design illuminates the people and the stage while creating an atmosphere to support the story being told. Stage lighting is all about the control, placement, and focus, of lighting fixtures.Now most dimmers use an electromagnet and electronics to change the voltage flow and dim or brighten the light. In the beginning salt water was used to reduce or increase the voltage to the lights.
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All the electricity to the lights could be control by dimmers. Stagehands did not have to go about snuffing out candles or adjusting individual gas flow jets. With the advent of electricity the dimming of the lights got much easier.Towards the end of the 19th century gaslights were replaced with electrical lights and dimming the stage lights became much easier.Limelights were used through the 1860s and 1970, and used in follow spots, which is why we have the term “in the limelight.” Less to clean up.An early type of light that was used in the theater was called a lime light because the flame was created by burning a cylinder of quicklime (calcium oxide).
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The improved the flow of oxygen from the faster moving air creates a brighter flame with less soot-less soot is good. This gas lantern uses the Argand burner principle where gas flows through a pierced ring-shaped burner, making it hotter in the center and making the air move through faster. Lighting designers and stage technicians love technology. Then there were gaslights, and always there was someone making the best of the technology.Then performances moved indoors and there were candles and oil lamps.First there was the sun and performances were held outdoors at the time of day that best reflected the mood of the story. The history of stage lighting follows generally along the lines of the history of lighting in general.Film lighting can be considered a category of it’s own because film lighting needs to accomidate the camera, but it and stage lighting share the same basic principles of design and the same basic technology in light fixtures. It is also used to light art installations, parties and films. Stage lighting is used in presentations of all kinds from subdued, small-scale theater to high energy, showy concerts.